Health Advice for Travelling to Bhutan

Traveling to Bhutan, a country known for its breathtaking landscapes and rich culture, requires some specific health considerations due to its high altitude, rural areas, and varying climates. Here’s some health advice for traveling to Bhutan to ensure a safe and healthy trip:

1. Vaccinations

Before traveling to Bhutan, make sure you are up to date on routine vaccinations and consider some additional ones:

• Routine Vaccinations: Ensure you’re up to date on vaccines like measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap), varicella (chickenpox), polio, and the flu vaccine.

• Recommended Vaccinations:

  • Hepatitis A: Transmitted through contaminated food or water. The vaccine is recommended for travelers to Bhutan.
  • Hepatitis B: Spread through contact with infected blood or body fluids. Consider this if you might need medical treatment or have close contact with locals.
  • Typhoid: Contracted through contaminated food or water, particularly in rural areas. A typhoid vaccine is recommended for most travelers.
  • Japanese Encephalitis: A mosquito-borne illness. The vaccine is recommended if you plan to spend a significant amount of time in rural areas or will be in Bhutan for an extended period (e.g., over a month).
  • Rabies: Bhutan has rabid dogs and other animals. If you plan to engage in outdoor activities, such as trekking or biking, consider a rabies vaccine. Be cautious around animals.

2. Altitude Sickness

Much of Bhutan is at high altitudes, especially places like Thimphu (2,334 meters / 7,657 feet) and Paro (2,200 meters / 7,218 feet), with some trekking routes going even higher.

• Symptoms of Altitude Sickness: Headaches, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and trouble sleeping are common at high altitudes. Symptoms usually begin 6 to 24 hours after reaching a high altitude.

• Prevention:

  • Acclimatization: Ascend gradually to give your body time to adjust. Spend a couple of days at a moderate altitude before trekking or traveling to higher areas.
  • Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water but avoid alcohol, which can dehydrate you and exacerbate symptoms.
  • Medications: Consider taking acetazolamide (Diamox) as a preventive measure, but consult with your doctor beforehand.
  • Rest: Avoid overexertion on the first few days at high altitude.

• Treatment: If symptoms worsen, descend to a lower altitude immediately, and seek medical help if necessary.

3. Food and Water Safety

Food- and water-borne illnesses, like diarrhea, can be a concern for travelers in Bhutan, particularly in rural areas.

• Water: Only drink bottled or purified water. Avoid tap water, ice, and unpasteurized milk. Carry a water purification system (e.g., iodine tablets or filters) if you’re trekking in remote areas.

• Food: Eat food that is thoroughly cooked and served hot. Be cautious with street food and salads, as raw vegetables may have been washed in contaminated water.

• Traveler’s Diarrhea: Bring antidiarrheal medications like loperamide (Imodium) and oral rehydration salts (ORS) in case of diarrhea. Stick to bland foods like rice, bread, and bananas if symptoms occur.

4. Insect Protection

Though Bhutan is not known for widespread malaria, there are mosquitoes and other biting insects in lower-altitude regions and rural areas.

• Malaria: Malaria is present in Bhutan, particularly in the southern areas near the Indian border (e.g., Phuentsholing). If you’re traveling to these regions, consider taking malaria prophylaxis and consult a doctor for the best medication.

• Dengue Fever: Though rare in Bhutan, there have been sporadic reports of dengue. Protect yourself from mosquito bites by using insect repellent (with at least 20–30% DEET), wearing long sleeves, and using bed nets if needed.

• Ticks and Leech Protection: If you are trekking, be aware of ticks and leeches in forested or wet areas. Wear long sleeves and tuck pants into socks to avoid bites. Check for ticks regularly.

5. Cold Weather and Hypothermia

Bhutan’s climate can vary significantly based on altitude, with cold weather prevalent in higher regions, especially at night. Hypothermia can be a risk in high-altitude areas and during treks.

• Clothing: Dress in layers, including a waterproof jacket and thermal undergarments. Don’t underestimate the cold, particularly in areas like Bumthang and Gasa.

• Footwear: Sturdy, warm hiking boots with good ankle support are essential if you’re trekking. Carry extra socks and rain gear.

6. Trekking and Physical Fitness

Bhutan is a popular destination for trekking, and many of the treks can be physically demanding.

• Physical Fitness: Be sure you’re in good physical condition before attempting any long treks. Prepare by walking and climbing stairs regularly to build endurance.

• Porters and Guides: For long treks, consider hiring a porter to carry heavy loads and a guide for navigation and safety. Guides are also a great resource for cultural and local information.

• First Aid Kit: Bring a basic first aid kit that includes bandages, blister treatment, painkillers, antiseptic cream, and any personal medications.

7. General Health and Safety Tips

• Travel Insurance: Ensure you have comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical evacuation, especially if you plan on trekking. Bhutan’s remote locations mean that medical facilities may not be readily available, and in case of an emergency, evacuation might be necessary.

• Emergency Services: Bhutan’s healthcare system is improving, but in remote areas, access to hospitals or clinics may be limited. Thimphu has the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, which provides modern medical care.

• Prescription Medications: Bring enough of your prescription medications to last the entire trip, as some medications may not be readily available in Bhutan. Carry them in their original packaging with a copy of your prescription.

8. Altitude-Related Mental Health

In addition to physical challenges, high altitudes can sometimes exacerbate symptoms of anxiety or depression, especially in isolated or challenging conditions like treks. If you have a history of mental health conditions, discuss with your healthcare provider before your trip.

Conclusion:

Traveling to Bhutan can be an amazing experience, but it’s important to prepare for the health challenges posed by altitude, food safety, and rural travel. By following these health tips, staying informed, and packing smart, you can minimize risks and enjoy your journey to this beautiful Himalayan kingdom.